Nephritis

Posted on May 20, 2012 by soogie89

Nephritis refers to the inflammation of kidneys. Nephritis is a kind of chronic and lingering clinical disease. Nephritis is the most common producer of glomerular injury. It is a disturbance of the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation.

Nephritis can lead to:

Oligouria(urine output decrease)
Uremia(retention of waste product in the body)
Hematouria(present of blood in the urine)
Proteinuria(present of protein in the urine)

Nephritis is one of the highest cause of human death. Proteinuria is the most severe because it leads to losing of protein in the body.This may cause blood clotting in the body and sudden stroke occur.

For better curing the patient with chronic disease,we need to prescribe a well and suitable diet for the patient.

What causes nephritis?

Glomerulonephritis may be caused by problems with the body’s immune system. Often, the exact cause of glomerulonephritis is unknown. Damage to the glomeruli causes blood and protein to be lost in the urine. The condition may develop quickly and kidney function is lost within weeks or months ( rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis). A quarter of people with chronic glomerulonephritis have no history of kidney disease.

The following may increase your risk of this condition:

Blood or lymphatic system disorders
Exposure to hydrocarbon solvents
History of cancer
Infections such as strep infections, viruses, heart infections, or abscesses

Many conditions cause or increase the risk for glomerulonephritis, including:

Amyloidosis
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease
Blood vessel diseases such as vasculitis or polyarteritis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Goodpasture syndrome
Heavy use of pain relievers, especially NSAIDs
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
IgA nephropathy
Lupus nephritis
Membranoproliferative GN

Common symptoms of glomerulonephritis are:

Blood in the urine (dark, rust-colored, or brown urine)
Foamy urine (due to excess protein in the urine)
Swelling (edema) of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen

Symptoms may also include the following:

Abdominal pain
Blood in the vomit or stools
Cough and shortness of breath
Diarrhea
Excessive urination
Fever
General ill feeling, fatigue, and loss of appetite
Joint or muscle aches
Nosebleed

The symptoms of chronic kidney disease may develop over time. Chronic renal failure symptoms may gradually develop.

Patients with Nephritis should avoid smoking, intake of alcohol, white bread, tea, coffee, fried foods, meat products, sugar cakes, pastries, condiments and syrups to get better result and to cure this disease.

Food to take:

Grapes

They have been a superb pill for strident as well as ongoing nephritis. They retain a superb diuretic value upon reason of their tall essence of H2O as well as potassium salt. Their cost in kidney troubles similar to nephritis is softened by their low albumin as well as sodium chloride happy.

Bananas

They are also effective for nephritis.Due to low protein, salt, and high carbohydrate content bananas are considered as suitable for nephritis patients.

Avocados

They have been changed as a shave food in nephritis. The value of this ripened offspring arises from a vast unfeeling as well as small protein contents.

Food to limit/avoid:

Decrease Salt Intake

A diet low in salt content should be followed if swelling of the hands or feet is present. Consuming no more than 1500mg of sodium a day. You can reduce the amount of sodium in your diet by avoiding processed foods, which tend to be high in sodium, and choosing fresh foods instead. In particular, canned foods, broths, soups, pretzels, chips and condiments typically contain the most sodium. Look for foods labeled “low sodium,” meaning it contains less than 140mg of sodium. Also avoid adding salt to foods. Just ¼ teaspoon of salt adds 600mg of sodium, which is almost half your daily allowance for salt.

Limit Consumption of Protein

Protein consumption should be limited in those with proteinuria, a condition in which protein is present in the urine. Proteinuria is dangerous because it can damage the kidney and even lead to kidney failure. It also contributes to swelling of the body due to loss of proteins. Moderate protein intake of about one gram of protein per kilogram of body weight a day is recommended.

Vitamin D Supplementation

Vitamin D supplementation may be required for patients with chronic membranous nephritis that is not responsive to treatment. Vitamin D is converted to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, in the kidney. In chronic kidney disease, the ability of the kidney to synthesize this vitamin is reduced, therefore supplementation is sometimes warranted. The recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D is 15mcg a day for adults ages 19 to 70 years and 20mcg a day for adults age 71 years and older.

Reduce Fat and Cholesterol

A low fat, low cholesterol diet should be followed to avoid further elevation of cholesterol levels associated with membranous nephritis and to lower the risk of cardiovascular events. Dietary modification alone, however, will not lower your cholesterol as it is primarily caused by an increase in cholesterol synthesis by the liver and not because of diet. Saturated fats should be avoided as well as foods high in cholesterol. This includes foods such as eggs, whole milk, butter, fatty cuts of meats and fried foods. Your doctor may recommend a cholesterol lowering medication such as a statin to keep your cholesterol levels under control.

Limit plant protein

Protein intake should depend on the condition of renal function. If patients with Nephritis suffer from Oliguria, Edema, Hypertension and Nitrogen qualitative retention, the intake of protein per day should be limited less than 20-40 grams so as to unburden the kidney, and avoid the deposition of non protein nitrogen in the body. In particular, the large amount of Fat moans alkali in the plant protein will worsen the intermediary metabolism of kidney. So we shouldn’t take beans and bean product as supplemental nutrition, such as soybean, mung bean, broad bean, soybean milk, and bean curd, etc.

Avoid spicy condiments

Spicy condiments such as pepper, mustard, hot pepper, etc is bad for renal function. In addition, excessive aginomoto will make patients thirsty and drink more.

Limit fluid volume

If patients with Chronic Nephritis have hypertension and edema, they should limit the fluid intake. The volume should be limited in the range of 1200-1500ml per day, 400ml drink and water in the food included. If the edema is serious, we should strictly limit the water intake.

Tips

Patients with Nephritis must avoid spinach, chocolate, cocoa and rhubarb because it contains oxalic acid in large quantities. Common salt also should be eliminated from the diet. Carrot juice is an effective remedy for nephritis. One portion of carrot juice, sundry with a tablespoon of sugar as well as a teaspoon of uninformed orange Juice, should be taken any day, first thing in a morning when stomach is empty.

References:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000484.htm

http://www.livestrong.com/article/361280-nutrition-diet-for-chronic-membranous-nephritis/

http://www.kidneycn.com/kidney-diseases/nephritis/nephritis-diet/1200.html

http://www.kidneycn.com/kidney-diseases/nephritis/nephritis-diet/824.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritis

Picture references:

http://www.ingenioushealth.com/2011/12/tis-season-to-be-brain-full.html

http://www.howmanycaloriesinanapple.org/calories-in-a-banana/

http://www.photovaco.com/photos/food/carrot-juice-135/

http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-8317681/stock-vector-no-food-drink-sign.html

http://onlyloserscomplain.com/fast-food-revelation/

Diabetes Mellitus

Posted on May 19, 2012 by soogie89

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is classed as a metabolism disorder. Metabolism is the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth. What we eat is broken down into glucose. Glucose is a form of sugar in the blood and also the main source of energy in our body.

Glucose makes its way into our bloodstream when food is digested. However, glucose cannot enter our cells without the presence of insulin.

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas. After eating, the pancreas automatically releases an adequate quantity of insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, and lowers the blood sugar level.

A person with diabetes has a condition in which the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal (hyperglycemia). It’s either because the body does not produce sufficient insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces. This results in the accumulation of glucose in the blood. This excess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine. So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirements.

What you should keep in mind

What, when, and how much you eat all affect your blood glucose level. You can keep your blood glucose at a healthy level if you:

Eat about the same amount of food each day.
Eat at about the same times each day.
Take your medication at the same times each day.
Exercise at regular times.
Limit the amounts of fats and sweets you eat each day.

Diabetic Diet and Calories

Have about 1,200 to 1,600 calories a day if you are:

– a small woman who exercises
– a small or medium woman who wants to lose weight
– a medium woman who does not exercise much

Have about 1,600 to 2,000 calories a day if you are:

– a large woman who wants to lose weight
– a small man at a healthy weight
– a medium man who does not exercise much
– a medium to large man who wants to lose weight

Have about 2,000 to 2,400 calories a day if you are

– a medium/large man who does a lot of exercise or has a physically active job
– a large man at a healthy weight
– a large woman who exercises a lot or has a physically active job

When your blood glucose level goes too high or too low?

It’s does not matter, whether you are diagnosed with diabetes I or II. What, when and how you eat will affect your blood glucose level!

Your blood glucose can also go too high or drop too low if you don’t take the right amount of diabetes medicine.

You can have problems if your blood glucose level stays both too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia). If your blood glucose stays high too most of the time, you can get heart, eye, foot, kidney, and other problems.

Blood Glucose Levels: What Should My Blood Glucose Levels Be?

For most people, target blood glucose levels are:

Before meals – 90 to 130
1 to 2 hours after the start of a meal – less than 180

Why Should I Eat About the Same Amount at the Same Times Each Day?

Your blood glucose goes up after you eat. If you eat a big lunch one day and a small lunch the next day, your blood glucose levels will change too much. Keep your blood glucose at a healthy level by eating about the same amount of carbohydrate foods at about the same times each day.

Diet for Diabetes Patients

Less than 25 to 35 percent of calories per day from fat, and less than 7 percent of calories per day from saturated fat

There should be minimal trans fat. Saturated and trans fats are found in solid fats like cheese, red meats, butter, margarine, and shortening. People with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease and stroke, and eating a diet low in saturated and trans fats and cholesterol can help to manage cholesterol levels and decrease these risks.

Total cholesterol intake should be less than 200 mg per day

The major sources of cholesterol in the diet are foods such as organ meats and egg yolks. Shrimp and squid are also moderately high in cholesterol, but can be included in your diet occasionally because they are low in fat.

Between 15 and 20 percent of calories should be from protein

Except in people with certain kidney problems (chronic kidney disease or CKD). People with CKD are sometimes advised to eat a low-protein diet.

High fiber (25 to 30 grams per day)

To control blood sugar levels and AIC.

Low sodium (less than 1500 mg per day), fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products

Recommended and can help manage blood pressure. For people with diabetes and heart failure, a low sodium diet may reduce symptoms.

Sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, mannitol, and maltitol

Sugar alcohols (sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, mannitol, and maltitol) are often used to sweeten sugar-free candies and gum, and increase blood sugar levels slightly. When calculating the carbohydrate content of foods, one-half of the sugar alcohol content should be counted in the total carbohydrate content of the food. Eating too much sugar alcohol at one time can cause cramping, gas, and diarrhea.

Take sugar in moderation

If you take insulin, calculate your dose based upon the number of carbohydrates, which already includes the sugar content.

Tips

Products that are “sugar-free” or “fat-free” do not necessarily have a reduced number of calories or carbohydrates. Read the nutrition label carefully and compare it to other similar products that are not sugar- or fat-free to determine which has the best balance of serving size and number of calories, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber.Some sugar-free foods, such as diet soda, sugar-free gelatin, and sugar-free gum, do not have a significant number of calories or carbohydrates, and are considered “free foods.” Any food that has less than 20 calories and 5 grams of carbohydrate is considered a free food, meaning that there are not enough calories or carbohydrates to affect your weight or require additional insulin.