Acute Infectious Disease

What is acute infectious disease?

• Infection that occurs acutely
• Infection  caused by a microorganism, such as a bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body of  an organism.
• They are usually transmitted  by a specific kind of contact
• Last for a short period of time

Mechanism of infection 

There are many types of acute infectious diseases. Some of them are:

• Acute appendicitis
• Acute bronchitis
• Acute tonsillitis
• Acute kidney failure
• Tuberculosis

 ACUTE APPENDICITIS

This is an inflammation of the appendix, which is the worm-shaped pouch attached to the cecum, the beginning of the large intestine.

SYMPTOMS:

• Abdominal pain
• Constipation
• Diarrhoea
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Fever
• No appetite
• Sharp pain in your lower right abdomen

Foods to take:

• Green vegetables
• Fruits (except tropical fruits)
• Milk
• Prunes

Foods to avoid/limit:

• Meats
• Animal proteins
• Alcohol
• Coffee and tea
• Sweets
• Spices(spicy food)
• Fried food
• Cooked eggs

RECOMMENDED  DAILY DIET

• Upon rising:

A glass of lukewarm water with half a freshly squeezed lime and a teaspoon of honey.

• Breakfast:

Fruits and milk, followed by nuts, if desired.

• Lunch:

Steamed vegetables, 2 or 3 whole-wheat wheat tortilla and a glass of buttermilk.

• Mid-afternoon:

A glass of fresh fruit or vegetable juice or sugar cane juice.

• Dinner:

A bowl of fresh green vegetable salad, with lime juice dressing, sprouted seeds and fresh homemade cottage cheese or a glass of buttermilk.

• Bedtime:

A glass of fresh milk or an apple.

ACUTE BRONCHITIS

This is a disease of the lower respiratory tract in the lungs. It is often caused by a viral infection, such as a upper respiratory infection or influenza that settles in the lungs, which results in inflammation bronchi

SYMPTOMS:

• Fever
• Cough
• Chest pain
• Changes in colour of mucus
• Wheezing
• Produces blood in the phlegm

Foods to take:

• Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids
• Fruits
• Water
• Garlic, ginger and onions
• Barley soup or drinks

Foods and items to avoid/limit:

• Cigarette
• Coffee and tea
• Dairy products
• Dried food
• Refined sugar
• Salt

RECOMMENDED DAILY DIET

Diet:

Three meals a day comprising of fresh juicy fruits to be consumed every 5 hours.

Thereafter, adopt the following diet:-

• Upon rising:

The freshly squeezed juice from half a lime added to a glass of slightly warm water along with a little honey.

• Bronchitis Breakfast:

A cup of fresh milk sweetened with honey and nuts along with fresh fruits.

• Lunch:

A tortilla – preferably whole wheat, along with a pat of butter and a bowl of steamed vegetables

• Mid afternoon:

A glass of fresh fruit or vegetable juice.

• Dinner

A bowl of fresh green vegetable salad, with lime juice dressing, sprouted seeds and homemade cottage cheese. 

• At night, before heading to bed:

A few dates soaked in milk.

ACUTE TONSILLITIS

This is an inflammation of one or both tonsils. In another word, an infection and swelling of the tonsils, which are oval-shaped masses of lymph gland tissue located on both sides of the back of the throat.

SYMPTOMS:

• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Difficulty in breathing
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Snoring
• Sore throat

Foods to take:

• Drink plenty of warm liquids (soup, tea, luke warm water)
• Soft foods (yogurt, puddings)
• Ice cream
• Scrambled egg
• Fresh fruit juice
• Chicken
• ü Vegetable broth
• Mashed potatoes

Foods to avoid/limit:

• Hot food
• Spices
• Acidic beverages
• Fried food
• Cigarette
• Crunchy food
• Carbonated drinks

RECOMMENDED DAILY DIET

• Drinking boiled milk, to which a pinch of pepper and turmeric have been added. For best results, this concoction should be consumed for three nights in a row
• Squeezing the juice of a lime into a glass of lukewarm water and adding ¼ teaspoon of salt to it, along with 1 or 2 tablespoons of honey. Patients should sip this slowly
• A combination of vegetable juice, which includes 100 ml cucumber juice, 100 ml of beet juice and 300 ml of carrot juice is very effective. Consuming each of these juices individually can also be equally helpful.
• Gargling with a solution made using fenugreek seeds simmered in a litre of water for about half an hour.
• Applying a cold pack to the throat every two or three hours, through the day.

ACUTE  KIDNEY  FAILURE

1. Acute renal failure
2. Normal kidney
3. Chronic renal failure

This is the sudden loss of your kidneys’ ability to perform their main function of eliminating excess fluid and salts (electrolytes) as well as waste material from your blood. When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes accumulate in your body.

SYMPTOMS:

• Shortness of breath
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Drowsiness
• Oligourea
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Blood in stool
• Absence of urine

Foods to take:

• High iron foods ( grapes, red meats)
• Soy
• High calcium foods (milk ,yoghurt)
• Water
• Fiber
• Lemons, herbs and spices

Foods and items to avoid/limit:

• Salty foods
• High potassium foods (banana, potatoes, tomatoes)
• Nuts, peas, seeds and lentils
• Cigarette
• Alcohols

RECOMMENDED DAILY DIET

• Breakfast:

Scrambled eggs, one slice of toasted white bread with margarine, and a serving of cranberry juice, coffee or tea.

• Lunch:

A basic sliced turkey sandwich (turkey, sourdough bread, mayonnaise, tomatoes, and lettuce), one apple and diet soft drinks.

• Dinner:

Broiled garlic shrimp served with white rice, asparagus, small bits of pineapple and water.

• Snacks:

Graham crackers and grapes

TUBERCULOSIS

An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the tubercle bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and characterized by the formation of tubercles on the lungs and other tissues of the body, often developing long after the initial infection.

SYMPTOMS:

• Fever
• Sweats
• Fatigue
• Cough (more than 2 weeks)
• Loss of appetite
• Sudden weight loss
• Chest pain
• Bloody phlegm

Foods to take:

• Honey
• Fresh fruit juice
• Whole grains
• Green vegetables
• Unsaturated fats
• Lean meats and fish
• Beans, peas, nuts and seeds

Foods and item to avoid/limit:

• Salty food
• Alcohol
• Coffee and tea
• Cigarette
• Sugar
• Fried food

RECOMMENDED DAILY DIET 

• An all-fruit diet for three days. Take three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits at five-hourly intervals.
• A fruit and milk diet for further 10 days, adding a cup of milk to each fruit meal.

Thereafter, adopt a well-balanced diet, on the following lines:-

• Upon rising:

A glass of lukewarm water mixed with half a freshly-squeezed lime and a teaspoon of honey.

• Breakfast:

Fresh fruit, a glass of milk, sweetened with honey, and few nuts, especially almonds.

• Lunch

A bowl of freshly-prepared steamed vegetables, whole wheat wheat tortilla with butter and a glass of butter milk.

• Mid afternoon

A glass of fruit juice or sugarcane juice.

• Dinner

Raw vegetable salad and sprouts with vegetable oil and limejuice dressing, followed by a hot course, if desired.

• Bed time snack:

A glass of milk with few dates.

References:

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Acute+infection

http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-issues-and-diet/appendicitis/diet.html

http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-issues-and-diet/bronchitis/diet.html

http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-issues-and-diet/tonsillitis/diet.html

http://www.renaldiethq.com/all-about-the-renal-menu-diet-plan/

http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-issues-and-diet/tuberculosis/diet.html

Gastritis

Gastritis is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach; the exact cause depends on the type of gastritis.

What causes gastritis?

• Poor or imbalanced diet
• A weakening of the immune system brought about by smoking or alcohol abuse as well as lasting
• Unresolved stress

Signs and Symptoms

• Abdominal pain (i.e. belly pain or stomach ache) and pain behind the sternum (in the centre of the chest) which are often misdiagnosed as occurring for some other reason are some of the primary symptoms of gastritis.
• Another symptom is abdominal pain that improves after eating and then later returns, perhaps even more severely.
• Loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting can all be signs of gastritis.
• To prevent and treat gastritis and peptic ulcers, a light and wholesome diet is best. This differs from a normally wholesome and balanced diet in that some foods and drinks which may strain the digestive system are left out.

Food to limit/avoid:

Beverages to be avoided if you have gastritis or peptic ulcers

• alcohol
• coffee
• carbonated drinks like mineral water or colas
• lemonade
• any drinks served very cold

 

 

Foods to be avoided if you have gastritis or peptic ulcers

• Milk products
  

A proper diet for the treatment of gastritis or ulcers should not include whole milk, cream or sour cream with a fat content of over 20% as well as any fermented milk products. In addition you should avoid high-fat cheeses (over 45%) and blue cheese (ripened) varieties such as Gorgonzola, Roquefort and Camembert.

• Meats

For those who suffer with gastritis or peptic ulcers (and anyone who wants to be more healthy) fatty, smoked or cured meats should be left out of the diet. Additionally spicy roasted meats, meats prepared along with bacon, naturally high-fat meats like goose or duck, and higher-fat animal parts in general (e.g. skin) as well as any type of sausage should all be avoided.

• Fish

Types of fish like eel, herring and salmon as well as smoked fish of any sort, dried or otherwise preserved fish or fish products

• Bread and baked goods

Eliminate fresh bread and baked goods as well as coarse whole grain bread, fresh pastries, high-fat baked goods like éclairs and doughnuts from the diet if you currently have gastritis or ulcers (as well as after the symptoms have subsided).

• Potatoes and vegetables

Avoid any potato dishes which have been prepared using oil, including chips (French fries, pommes frites, wedges, etc.) and crisps (i.e. potato chips) if you have gastritis or an ulcer (and in general). Also potato salad containing bacon, mayonnaise or excessive oil should not be part of your diet. There are also several types of vegetable which are difficult to digest: cabbage, leeks, onions, mushrooms, peppers, olives, pickles, cucumber, horseradish and beans. These should be left out of your diet, as well as any vegetable salads which have mayonnaise or other sauces which are high in fat.

• Fruits and Nuts

Good nutrition for gastritis and ulcer sufferers does not include unripe fruit, raw drupes (i.e. fruits with a pit like cherries and plums), nuts of any kind as well as almonds and pistachios and avocados.

• Candy

Sweets and sugar in general should not be part of your diet if you have gastritis and/or an ulcer as well as

• Spices

Especially those which have been dried or are in powdered form.

What not to include in your diet if you suffer from gastritis or peptic ulcers

As noted above, you should avoid all fats (including high-fat soups or sauces) both during and after your gastritis/ulcer treatment. Hard-cooked eggs and any other high-fat food which contains eggs (such as mayonnaise) should not be part of your diet. Don’t eat roasted, fried or grilled foods and avoid foods which were prepared using bacon or onion.

Food to take: 

It is advisable to take food you can tolerate. i.e. foods and drinks which do not lead to diarrhoea, the build-up of uncomfortable gas, abdominal pain or nausea. They are:

• Light wholesome foods 

Which are low in fat, mild in taste, lean and properly prepared.

• Dairy products 

Such as yoghurt are effective against gastritis as they inhibit the reproduction of the H. pylori bacteria.

• Easily digestible vegetables 

Such as carrots, fennel, turnips, cauliflower, green peas, beans, tomatoes, zucchini and green leafy salad.

• For seasoning you should try to include freshly dried spices, mild vinegar (e.g. balsamic), lemon juice and a little salt.

• Natural sweeteners

Jams, marmalades and honey are the best

• Drinks include any sort of tea, mild coffee, grain coffee, mineral water without gas, vegetable juices as well as diluted fruit juices.

Tips 

1. Eat several small meals rather than a few large meals.

2. Try to take your time when you eat – don’t rush!

3. Chew thoroughly.

4. Avoid eating foods that are either too hot or too cold.

5. Regularly take s vitamin supplement, in particular vitamin B12, and detoxify the digestive system. In addition, fasting (e.g. juice fasting) can be beneficial for the body as natural vitamins and minerals can better be absorbed without the strain placed on the stomach by carbohydrates.

NB!

• Boiling, steaming or baking in foil is recommended.
• Use a ceramic saucepan or a coated non-stick pan or saucepan.
• The oven or microwave are both suitable depending on the container you’re using, but remember to avoid using fats.

• Please keep in mind that a more wholesome diet such as the one outlined above does not have a direct therapeutic effect in the treatment of gastritis or ulcers, rather it is more tolerable for the digestive system and so easier to metabolise. In addition, food sensitivities can vary greatly from person to person. Initially when you adopt such a new diet, you may suffer with a bit of gas or other digestive problems. We advise that you consult your physician and/or a qualified nutritionist. It’s also very important to remember that a reduction in stress as well as a balanced lifestyle which includes some physical activity are essential in the treatment of such disorders of the digestive system.

References :

http://www.sympathyc.com/diets/Diet_for_gastritis_with_hyperacidity.html

http://curesforheartburn.co.cc/gastritis-diet

Nephritis

Nephritis refers to the inflammation of kidneys. Nephritis is a kind of chronic and lingering clinical disease. Nephritis is the most common producer of glomerular injury. It is a disturbance of the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation.

Nephritis can lead to:

• Oligouria(urine output decrease)
• Uremia(retention of waste product in the body)
• Hematouria(present of blood in the urine)
• Proteinuria(present of protein in the urine)

Nephritis is one of the highest cause of human death. Proteinuria is the most severe because it leads to losing of protein in the body.This may cause blood clotting in the body and sudden stroke occur.

For better curing the patient with chronic disease,we need to prescribe a  well and suitable diet for the patient.

What causes nephritis?

Glomerulonephritis may be caused by problems with the body’s immune system. Often, the exact cause of glomerulonephritis is unknown. Damage to the glomeruli causes blood and protein to be lost in the urine. The condition may develop quickly and kidney function is lost within weeks or months ( rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis). A quarter of people with chronic glomerulonephritis have no history of kidney disease.

The following may increase your risk of this condition:

• Blood or lymphatic system disorders
• Exposure to hydrocarbon solvents
• History of cancer
• Infections such as strep infections, viruses, heart infections, or abscesses

Many conditions cause or increase the risk for glomerulonephritis, including:

• Amyloidosis
• Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease
• Blood vessel diseases such as vasculitis or polyarteritis
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• Goodpasture syndrome
• Heavy use of pain relievers, especially NSAIDs
• Henoch-Schonlein purpura
• IgA nephropathy
• Lupus nephritis
• Membranoproliferative GN

Common symptoms of glomerulonephritis are:

• Blood in the urine (dark, rust-colored, or brown urine)
• Foamy urine (due to excess protein in the urine)
• Swelling (edema) of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen

Symptoms may also include the following:

• Abdominal pain
• Blood in the vomit or stools
• Cough and shortness of breath
• Diarrhea
• Excessive urination
• Fever
• General ill feeling, fatigue, and loss of appetite
• Joint or muscle aches
• Nosebleed

The symptoms of chronic kidney disease may develop over time. Chronic renal failure symptoms may gradually develop.

Patients with Nephritis should avoid smoking, intake of alcohol, white bread, tea, coffee, fried foods, meat products, sugar cakes, pastries, condiments and syrups to get better result and to cure this disease.

Food to take:

• Grapes

They have been a superb pill for strident as well as ongoing nephritis. They retain a superb diuretic value upon reason of their tall essence of H2O as well as potassium salt. Their cost in kidney troubles similar to nephritis is softened by their low albumin as well as sodium chloride happy.

• Bananas

They are also effective for nephritis.Due to low protein, salt, and high carbohydrate content bananas are considered as suitable for nephritis patients.

• Avocados

They have been changed as a shave food in nephritis. The value of this ripened offspring arises from a vast unfeeling as well as small protein contents.

Food to limit/avoid:

• Decrease Salt Intake

A diet low in salt content should be followed if swelling of the hands or feet is present. Consuming no more than 1500mg of sodium a day. You can reduce the amount of sodium in your diet by avoiding processed foods, which tend to be high in sodium, and choosing fresh foods instead. In particular, canned foods, broths, soups, pretzels, chips and condiments typically contain the most sodium. Look for foods labeled “low sodium,” meaning it contains less than 140mg of sodium. Also avoid adding salt to foods. Just ¼ teaspoon of salt adds 600mg of sodium, which is almost half your daily allowance for salt.

• Limit Consumption of Protein

Protein consumption should be limited in those with proteinuria, a condition in which protein is present in the urine. Proteinuria is dangerous because it can damage the kidney and even lead to kidney failure. It also contributes to swelling of the body due to loss of proteins. Moderate protein intake of about one gram of protein per kilogram of body weight a day is recommended.

• Vitamin D Supplementation

Vitamin D supplementation may be required for patients with chronic membranous nephritis that is not responsive to treatment. Vitamin D is converted to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, in the kidney. In chronic kidney disease, the ability of the kidney to synthesize this vitamin is reduced, therefore supplementation is sometimes warranted. The recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D is 15mcg a day for adults ages 19 to 70 years and 20mcg a day for adults age 71 years and older.

• Reduce Fat and Cholesterol

A low fat, low cholesterol diet should be followed to avoid further elevation of cholesterol levels associated with membranous nephritis and to lower the risk of cardiovascular events. Dietary modification alone, however, will not lower your cholesterol as it is primarily caused by an increase in cholesterol synthesis by the liver and not because of diet. Saturated fats should be avoided as well as foods high in cholesterol. This includes foods such as eggs, whole milk, butter, fatty cuts of meats and fried foods. Your doctor may recommend a cholesterol lowering medication such as a statin to keep your cholesterol levels under control.

• Limit plant protein

Protein intake should depend on the condition of renal function. If patients with Nephritis suffer from Oliguria, Edema, Hypertension and Nitrogen qualitative retention, the intake of protein per day should be limited less than 20-40 grams so as to unburden the kidney, and avoid the deposition of non protein nitrogen in the body. In particular, the large amount of Fat moans alkali in the plant protein will worsen the intermediary metabolism of kidney. So we shouldn’t take beans and bean product as supplemental nutrition, such as soybean, mung bean, broad bean, soybean milk, and bean curd, etc.

• Avoid spicy condiments

Spicy condiments such as pepper, mustard, hot pepper, etc is bad for renal function. In addition, excessive aginomoto will make patients thirsty and drink more.

• Limit fluid volume

If patients with Chronic Nephritis have hypertension and edema, they should limit the fluid intake. The volume should be limited in the range of 1200-1500ml per day, 400ml drink and water in the food included. If the edema is serious, we should strictly limit the water intake.

Tips

Patients with Nephritis must avoid spinach, chocolate, cocoa and rhubarb because it contains oxalic acid in large quantities. Common salt also should be eliminated from the diet. Carrot juice is an effective remedy for nephritis. One portion of carrot juice, sundry with a tablespoon of sugar as well as a teaspoon of uninformed orange Juice, should be taken any day, first thing in a morning when stomach is empty.

References:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000484.htm

http://www.livestrong.com/article/361280-nutrition-diet-for-chronic-membranous-nephritis/

http://www.kidneycn.com/kidney-diseases/nephritis/nephritis-diet/1200.html

http://www.kidneycn.com/kidney-diseases/nephritis/nephritis-diet/824.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritis

Picture references:

http://www.ingenioushealth.com/2011/12/tis-season-to-be-brain-full.html

http://www.howmanycaloriesinanapple.org/calories-in-a-banana/

http://www.photovaco.com/photos/food/carrot-juice-135/

http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-8317681/stock-vector-no-food-drink-sign.html

http://onlyloserscomplain.com/fast-food-revelation/